GHK-Cu

Molecular Structure

GHK-Cu — C₁₄H₂₄CuN₆O₄ · MW 403.92 Da · CAS 49557-75-7. A naturally occurring copper-binding tripeptide composed of glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine complexed with a Cu²⁺ ion, where the histidine imidazole nitrogen and the terminal amino group serve as primary coordination sites. GHK-Cu has been investigated in the context of gene expression modulation — microarray analysis has documented upregulation of 1,942 genes and suppression of 762 genes in human dermal fibroblasts. Research applications include collagen and glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis studies, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assays, and extracellular matrix remodeling investigations.

Documented Research Observations

• check_circle Extracellular-matrix signaling changes observed in fibroblast cultures in vitro.
• check_circle Enhanced extracellular matrix remodeling documented in tissue models.
• check_circle Modulation of fibroblast proliferation and migration in controlled experiments.
• check_circle 1,942 genes upregulated and 762 genes suppressed in human fibroblasts observed in microarray analysis.

Research Applications

Extracellular matrix remodeling studies, copper-peptide signaling research, fibroblast proliferation assays, and connective tissue accumulation investigations. Applications focus on in vitro research and laboratory experimentation of cellular pathways and biochemical mechanisms.